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外汇和证券市场(股票和债券的市场)密切相关,但交易的原则截然不同。与证券市场交易股票和债券不同,外汇市场交易货币。最大的证券交易所在纽约、伦敦和东京。外汇市场和证券市场之间的主要不同是资本的大小。要在证券市场上购买股票,你得有10000-100000美元的总资本。证券市场上的交易缓慢而稳定,而外汇市场上交易者们能在很短的时间内获利或亏损。一些交易者在外汇市场上积累大量的资本之后转向证券市场。


证券市场由一级市场和二级市场组成。一级市场在一国的市场经济中扮演着关键的角色,因为经济增长率和效率完全取决于它。一级市场负责新证券的交易,买家可以是私人或机构(投资基金、保险公司等)。发行商直接或通过中介将股票和债券出售给买家。


二级市场包括场外市场和证券交易所,是投资者从其他投资者购买证券和资产的市场。与一级市场不同,二级市场对一国的投资总额没有影响。二级市场的主要参与者是投机者,他们在低价买入资产并在高价卖出。


证券市场上一个重要的调节器是价格。价格是由一群投机者、发行商、中介和投资者根据某种标准形成的。这些标准包括资产的利润(它们的重心、比率、投资者的需求)、特性和收益总额。所有这些都会在决定价格形成的策略时被考虑:例如,设定最高和最低发行价、快速利润的获取、入市时机或市场份额等。


证券市场上的股票交易有不同的指导策略。例如购入股票并且从牌价的差别中获利、收取股息等等。尽管证券交易安全平稳,但在交易时段开始前专家们仍需分析市场以降低投资的风险。


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